![]() ![]() See also” improvisation”, “ornamentation”, “cadenza”, “tempo”.Īdagio – tempo indication. Usually it is used to indicate that a part of a piece may be omitted (in a piece with several instruments or voices) or it can indicate that the performer can “improvise” “ornamentation” or brand new material (such as a “cadenza”) or it could indicate that the performer can vary the “tempo”. See also: “melody”, “texture”, “homophonic texture”.Īd libitum – at the pleasure of the performer. See also: “flat”, “sharp”, “natural”, “half step”, “key signature”.Īccompaniment – the part of a musical “texture” that plays a supportive role usually in order to accompany a “melody”. See also: “ornament”, “mordent”, “turn”, “appoggiatura”, “grace notes”, “trill”, “Nachschlag”.Īccidental – in musical notation, any of the symbols used to raise or lower a pitch by one-two “half steps” that are not placed in the “key signature”. A type of “ornament” (usually in 17th and 18th century keyboard music) in which a “dissonant” note is played at the same time as a “consonant” note. See also: “articulation”.Īcciaccatura – literally: to crush. See also: “stringendo”.Īccent – emphasizing a tone by playing it louder than the tones around it. See also: program music.Īccelerando – becoming faster (usually abbreviated: accel.). Examples of pieces of this type would include most sonatas and concertos. This kind of music usually does not contain any kind of descriptive titles. This sort of indication often appears after a “ritardando” or other temporary “tempo” altering indication.Ībsolute music – music that contains no extra-musical references. AĪ tempo – a performance indication that instructs the performer to perform the music at the previous tempo. See also: “loco”.ġ5ma – in the same way that “8va” instructs performers to play the written notes one octave higher or lower, “15ma” is used to indicate a change of two octaves. At the conclusion of the octave change, composers often indicate to start playing the notes exactly where written with the term “loco”. These indications are also often accompanied by dotted lines to indicate the duration of the octave change. Some composers use “8vb” to indicate one octave below. Likewise if “8va” is written below the notes, then the performer should play them one octave lower than where they are written. Generally if the “8va” is located above the written notes, the performer should play the notes one octave higher than where they are written. ![]() 8va, 8vb – 8va instructs the performer to play the notes one octave away from where they are notated. ![]()
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